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Roman Gaul consisted of an area of provincial rule in the Roman Empire, in modern-day France, southern Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, western Switzerland and western Germany. Roman control of the area lasted for more than approximately 500 years. The Roman Republic began its takeover of Celtic Gaul in 121 BC, when it conquered and annexed the southern reaches of the area. Julius Caesar completed the task by defeating the Celtic tribes in the Gallic Wars of 58-51 BC. The Gaulish language became extinct from the fifth century AD onwards. The last vestige of Roman rule was effaced by the Franks at the Battle of Soissons (486); displacing the Visigothic kingdom of Toulouse in 507 A.D. The city of Lugdunum (now Lyon) had long been the capital of Gaul. ==Geographical divisions== Gaul had three geographical divisions, one of which was divided into multiple Roman provinces: #Gallia Cisalpina or "Gaul this side of the Alps", covered most of present-day northern Italy. #Gallia Narbonensis, formerly Gallia Transalpina or "Gaul across the Alps" was originally conquered and annexed in 121 BC in an attempt to solidify communications between Rome and the Iberian peninsula. It comprised the present-day region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, most of Languedoc-Roussillon, and roughly the southeastern half of Rhône-Alpes. #Gallia Comata, or "long haired Gaul", encompassed the remainder of present-day France, Belgium, and westernmost Germany, which the Romans gained through the victory over the Celts in the Gallic Wars. The Romans divided Gallia Comata into three provinces: :::Gallia Aquitania :::Gallia Belgica :::Gallia Lugdunensis The Romans divided these huge provinces into ''civitates'' corresponding more or less with the pre-Conquest communities or polities sometimes described misleadingly as "tribes," such as the Aedui, Allobroges, Bellovaci, and Sequani (see List of Celtic tribes) but the civitates were too large and in turn were divided into smaller units, ''pagi'', a term that eventually became the modern French word "pays".〔Patrick Galliou and Michael Jones, The Bretons, 1991, p. 79.〕 These administrative groupings would be taken over by the Romans in their system of local control, and these ''civitates'' would also be the basis of France's eventual division into ecclesiastical bishoprics and dioceses, which would remain in place—with slight changes—until the French revolution. Image:REmpire-Gallia.png|Gaul in the Roman Empire Image:Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png|Map of Gaul circa 58 BC 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Gaul」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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